Professional AI’s Dual Trust Problem

For the Balkinization Symposium on the Global Political Economy of Artificial Intelligence.Claudia E. Haupt Professional AI’s Dual Trust Problem Each day, more than forty million people ask ChatGPT health questions. When OpenAI and Anthropic launched dedicated health AI tools that let users upload their medical records and receive personalized guidance, the obvious question was: “Should you trust them?” The question has only grown more pressing: since early 2026, five major technology companies (OpenAI, Anthropic, Microsoft, Amazon, and Perplexity) have released or expanded dedicated consumer-facing AI health applications, each allowing users to connect medical records, lab results, and wearable data to receive personalized guidance. That question, it turns out, has more than one layer. Instinctively, we might assume the concern is about output accuracy: will the AI give bad professional advice? But a second, perhaps less obvious, problem arises that reaches beyond any individual bad…